From Connectivity to Spatial Transformation: Evaluating Highway Corridor Impacts on Settlement Dynamics and Land Use Patterns

Abstract

Highway corridor development has emerged as a critical driver of spatial transformation and regional growth, particularly in rapidly developing regions. This study examines the influence of the Bhubaneswar-Puri express highway corridor on settlement dynamics, land use patterns and socio-economic development in Odisha, India. The corridor plays a significant role in enhancing regional connectivity, reducing travel time and facilitating the movement of people and goods, thereby acting as a catalyst for economic expansion. The research adopts an integrated analytical approach to evaluate how improved accessibility along the corridor reshapes settlement structures and encourages the emergence of new growth centers. The findings indicate a noticeable shift in land use patterns, with increased urbanization, development of commercial zones, and expansion of residential areas along the highway. The corridor also contributes to the formation of satellite settlements and redistribution of population density, reflecting its strong spatial influence. In addition to economic benefits, the study critically assesses environmental and social dimensions associated with corridor development. Changes in land use and pressure on natural ecosystems highlight the need for sustainable planning interventions. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of inclusive development by addressing accessibility to social infrastructure such as healthcare, education and public services for communities along the corridor.