A Study on Charging Station for 2-Wheeler Electric Vehicle

Abstract

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), particularly electric two-wheelers, has created a growing need for efficient, accessible and reliable charging infrastructure. This paper presents a study of charging stations for two-wheeler electric vehicles, focusing on charging requirements, battery compatibility, charging methods, charging-unit components, safety measures, user authentication and practical charging-station infrastructure. The study considers the role of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), AC and DC charging, battery capacity and voltage, power conversion, monitoring and protection. A typical two-wheeler battery range identified in the project is 1.2–3.3 kWh at 48–72 V. The charging unit includes a supply-side cable, residual-current protection, vehicle-side connector, power-conversion stages, sensing and status indication. Important protection functions include overcharge, short-circuit, overcurrent, thermal, surge and reverse-polarity protection. RFID and mobile-app authentication are also considered for controlled access and convenient charging management. A practical survey of existing charging stations, including Ather, Tata and PiEV installations, was used as a case-study component. The paper consolidates the project findings into a research-paper format and identifies the main technical and operational factors required for safe and user-friendly two-wheeler EV charging infrastructure.